Everything about The Hydrogen Hypothesis totally explained
The
hydrogen hypothesis is a model proposed by William Martin and Miklós Müller in
1998 that describes a possible way in which the
mitochondrion developed in the first
eukaryotic cell within the
endosymbiotic theory framework.
According to the hydrogen hypothesis the first eukaryotic
cell didn't appear as a consequence of a primitive host cell engulfing a primitive
bacterium that eventually became the mitochondrion, as the endosymbiotic theory suggests. It claims instead that the host - a
methanogenic archaebacterium, which used
hydrogen and
carbon dioxide to produce
methane - and a facultatively anaerobic eubacterium, the future mitochondrion, which produced hydrogen and carbon dioxide as byproducts of anaerobic respiration, started a symbiotic relationship based on the host's hydrogen dependence (anaerobic syntrophy).
The idea originated when Martin attended a talk by Müller on
hydrogenosomes. These are anaerobic mitochondria that produce
ATP and large amounts of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. One of Müller's slides presented a cluster of methanogens around a hydrogenosome inside a eukaryotic cell they'd invaded.
If correct, this hypothesis would imply that eukaryotes are
chimeras with archaebacterial and eubacterial ancestry. It would furthermore imply that eukaryotes appeared later in evolution than prokaryotes. This contrasts with some views that assume archaea and eukarya split before the modern groups of archaea appeared. The hydrogen hypothesis postulates that no mitochondrion-lacking eukaryotes ever existed.
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